School Route Planning, Temp Traffic Control Q&A, Autonomous Vehicles

Detour Change, Why Use GIS, 2024 New Classes, Build a Better Mousetrap

MUTCD, Trucks, RAP Questions and Answers

Pennsylvania Hosts 2023 Roadway Management Conference, Roundabouts, PennDOT Midblock Crosswalk and Trail Crossing Policy Update, Build a Better Mousetrap Innovation Challenge Info

LTAP Website Update, Drones, PA One Call responsibilities, Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Build a Better Mousetrap info.

LTAP Celebrating 40 Years of Service to Municipalities

Articles on Safe System Approach, Outdoor Advertising Control, and News Briefs.

Build a Better Mousetrap info, Stormwater Facility Construction, News Briefs, Resource Section Updates,

South Manheim`s Build a Better Mousetrap Victory, Post Disaster Recover Planning, News Briefs, Washington Twp Success Story, Innovation to Improve Mobility for Drivers

Article topics include: Spotted Lanternfly, Sidewalks/Pedestrian, 2022 Build a Better Mousetrap Contest, Rural Road Runoff Crashes,

Quarterly review of news and information about PA`s local roads. Topics include Pavement Management, FHWA Strategy, PennDOT Agility Program

Articles on Invasive Species Management, Agility Program, Intersection Safety

Quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania local roads. Includes articles on funding challenges, pavement markings, a safer curve success story and a transit station access study.

Contains articles on the following: Funding Methods for New Turnback Roads. Crossing Guard Training Info. PennDOT Shared Service Program. A Trail Segment Maintenance Effort. STIC Spotlight. BBAM Winner.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania local roads.

A quarterly review of news and information about PA`s local roads. Articles include: Virtual Training, Plowing Tips, Transportation Briefs, STIC Spotlight, PennDOT Connects Success Stories and Build a Better Mousetrap.

A quarterly review of news and information about PA`s local roads. Articles include: New Roads Scholar programs, Asset Management, Micro-Surfacing and Signal Poles.

Articles include: Embracing the Virtual World, Roadside Safety Features, Transportation Briefs, Build A Better Mousetrap Winners, STIC Concrete Finishes, Virtual Roadway Symposium.

Articles Include: The Latest with Asphalt Paving, PA Connects: Trees and Trails, STIC Award, 811 Changes, Transportation Briefs and Webinars

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania local roads. Articles include: GRS Technology Helps Municipalities Replace Falling Bridges, PennDOT Connects, Roads Scholar I and II, Build a Better Mousetrap 2020.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania local roads. Articles include: Successful Grant Writing Begins with Good Practices, Transportation Resources, PennDOT Connects, Agility, and Hot pour Mastics.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania local roads. Articles include: Restore Pennsylvania` Initiative Would Reinvest in Infrastructure, Truck Access on Local Roads, Roads Scholar I and II and upcoming webinars.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania local roads. Articles include: Get Ready for Spring, Safe Transportation for Every Pedestrian, STIC Spotlight: Slurry Cement, PennDOT Connects, ADA Accommodations, Transportation News.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania local roads. Articles include: Roundabouts Reduce Crashes, Save Lives on Pennsylvania Roads, Success with Full-Depth Reclamation, Posting and Bonding, Fog Seals Approved, STIC Update, LTAPS Roads Scholar II, Success Stories and Build a Better Mousetrap.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania local roads. Articles include: Salt Calibration, Billboard Requirements, LTAP Success Stories, Up Coming Workshops, Roads Scholar and Q&A`s

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania local roads. Articles include: Understanding the Pennsylvania Crash Information Tool, Asset Management, Transportation News, Build a Better Mousetrap.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania local roads. Articles include: Pavement Preservation: Call Before you dig, Asphalt Pavement Maintenance, Transportation News Briefs, Microsurfacing, STIC Spotlight, Roads Scholars and 2018 Road Maintenance & Safety Symposium.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania local roads. Articles include: Pavement Preservation: When, Where, and How?, Certified Pesticide Applicators, NEPA and Permitting, LTAP Success Story, Roads Scholars, and Build a Better Mousetrap

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania local roads. Articles include: Excessive Use of Signs, Safety at Rural Intersections,Transportation News, New Courses Available, Before and After Swatara Township.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania local roads. Articles include: Drainage Maintenance at Intersections, Thin Mix Overlays, Transportation News, Build A Better Mousetrap Winners, LTAP Success Story Geistown Borough.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania State Roads. Articles include: ARLE Grants can improve road safety, Understanding Temporary Traffic Control fro Special Events, Transportation News Briefs, STIC Spotlight, and Roundabouts, a Proven Safety Countermeasure.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania local roads. Articles include: PennDOT puts Greater Focus on Collaboration While Planning with Local Governments, Preparing for Your Next NPDES MS4 Permit, PennDOT Guidebook for County and Municipal Officials Coming Soon, New Web Application for Managing Traffic Signals Available Free to Municipalities and Upcoming Workshops

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania local roads. Articles include: Salt Brine is Now Liquid Fuels Fund Eligible, Speed Management, PennDOT News Briefs, LTAP News, LTAP Success Story and Before and After.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania local roads. Articles include: PennDOT develops new Salt and Snow Management Course, Font change for street sign names, Build a Better Mousetrap winners announced, Transportation News Briefs, and LTAP Success Stories.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania local roads. Articles include: Crash information tool, Pavement Preventative Maintenance, 2015 Accomplishments, LTAP Success Story, and Transportation News Briefs.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include: PennShare, How to Develop a Program to Improve Curve Safety, Improved Specification of Crushed Aggregate Antiskid Adopted, STIC Spotlight, Build a Better Mousetrap Competition and new Rule Change Filing Requirements for Driver Vehicle Inspection Reports

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include: Preparations for Winter Operations, STIC Spotlight: Adaptive Signals, Upcoming Workshops, Roads Scholars and Build a Better Mousetrap.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include: Mousetrap Winners,Traffic Incident Management, Paving Fabrics, Upcoming Workshops, Roads Scholars and Transportation Briefs.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include: Meet the expert, STIC Spotlight, Transportation Briefs, Road Maintenance Symposium and Upcoming Workshops.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include: Improving Traffic Signals, Aquatic Invasive Species, New PUB 213, Planning Partner Perspective, Before and After Success Story and Build a Better Mousetrap.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include: Reduce Highway Deaths and Major Injuries by 50 Percent in Two Decades, Salt Brine for Winter Services, Planning Partner Perspective, Before & After Success Story, New LTAP Course, STIC Spotlight and PennDOT Publication Updates

A quarterly Review of News and information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include: Pennsylvania Records Lowest Number of Traffic Deaths Ever, Safer trail crossings, Transportation news briefs, STIC spotlight, Advisory member profile, Upcoming workshops, Before & After and Build a Better Mousetrap Winner.

A quarterly Review of News and Information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include:Transportation Funding Plan Provides New $$ for Municipal Traffic Signals ( Click Link in Article on Page 2 for more information), Changes in Store for Liquid Fuels Funds This Year, National Safe Digging Month, LTAP Advisory Committee Member Profiles, Road Maintenance Symposium, LTAP Tech Assist: Success Story, Build a Better Mousetrap, LTAP WEBSITE REVAMPED, State Transportation Innovation Council (STIC).

A quarterly review of of news and information about Pennsylvania local roads. Articles include: Bridge Condition Ratings, RR Crossing Signs, Instructor Corner, DEP Permitting Tool and Build a Better Mouse Trap.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include: Corrosion of Concrete Bridges, Roadside Vegetation and GRS Bridge Construction.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include: Flaggers, Stay Safe!, Better Mousetrap Competition, Meet the Expert, Safe Routes to School and Upcoming Classes.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include Traffic Calming, LTAP Technical Assistance, Low volume Local Roads and Meet the Expert.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include: Transition Plan Helps Alleviate Problems with ADA Compliance, Municipal Road Maintenance and Safety Symposium, Prefabricated Bridges, Better Mousetrap and Upcoming Classes

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include: PennDOT Hosts Nigerian Engineers, Financial Consultants-Who Are They and What Do They Do?, When Disaster Strikes, Williamsport Airport, Asphalt Alternative and Upcoming Workshops.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include: Key Traffic Sign Regulations Eliminated, Highway Permit Process, Flooding and Bridges, Expanded Access, & Upcoming Workshops.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include: Bridge to Success, CDL Q&A, PA One Call, Upcoming Workshops.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include: Road Ready, Historic Bridges, Traffic Control Devices, Upcoming Workshops and Mousttrap Contest.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include: Emergency Bridge Shoring Practices, Retroreflectivity, Field-Placed Concrete, Agility, Roadkill, Safety Edge and Upcoming Workshops.

A quarterly review of News and Information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include: Safe Routes to School, Mousetrap Contest Winner, LTAP News and Updated Courses, LTAP Tech Assist, and Upcoming Workshops

A quarterly Review of News and Information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include: Reducing Roadway Crashes, Driving Surface Aggregate, Tree Management, ADA and Sidewalks and LTAP Workshops.

A quarterly Review of News and Information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include: Flagger Training, Build a Better Mousetrap Competition, Proper Materials and Application, Estimating Concrete, Marcellus Shale Development and Local Roads, Livable Communities and Upcoming Workshops.

A quarterly review of news about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles Include: When to Use Stop Signs in Alleys, Should Solar-Powered School Warning Signs be Considered in Your Municipality?, Westmoreland County`s Shared Vision for the Future, Daily and Weekly Time Limits for Driving Commercial Motor Vehicles and Upcoming Workshops.

A quarterly review of news about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles Include: Record Low Number of Deaths on State, Local Roads in 2009, Decorative Crosswalks, Trenchless Pipe Rehabilitation, Smart Transportation and Upcoming Workshops

A quarterly review of news about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles Include: Time to Order Roadsalt for Next Winter, Temporary Traffic Control Handbook, Liquid Fuels Allocation, PennDOT`s dotGrants System, Local Safe Roads and Walkable Communities Programs and Upcoming Workshops.

A quarterly review of news about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles Include: Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Secretary Allen D. Biehler`s 2009 National LTAP/TTAP Conference kick-off address and highlights of the 2009 LTAP/TTAP Conference hosted by Pennsylvania, Interview with Ann Simonetti the new LTAP Advisory Committee Chair, Funding Programs for LED Signal Crusade, Let it Snow, Upcoming Workshops, Liquid Fuels Non-Acceptable Expenditures and Lycoming Counties Bridge Inventory Pilot Project.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania Local Roads, Articles Include: Curb Ramps Help Make Communities Accessible to People with Disabilities, Spreader Calibration Reduces Salt Use, Saves Money and The Do`s and Don`ts of Liquid Fuels Funds.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include: Making PA`s Roads Safer, PennDOT Releases Additional Guidance for the Installation and Inspection of Traffic Signal Supports, Ebensburg`s Mayor Urges Municipalities to Seek the Benefits of LTAP, Luzerne County Municipalities Join Forces to Purchase Equipment, LTAP Introduces Three Newly Revised Courses, Changes in Stormwater Management Policy Could Affect Development in Municipalities, Five-Year Strategic Plan Sets Priorities for LTAP, Upcoming Workshops.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include: Putting Smart Transportation to Work in Your Community, Meth Waste, Traffic Counters to Hit Local Roads, 3 M Sign Grant Program, Spring Grading of your Dirt and Gravel Roads, Upcoming Workshops

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include: inspecting local bridges, Pub 213 revisions, and upcoming events

A quarterly review of news and information about PA`s local roads. Articles include: Case Study: Penn Township, Perry County Tech Assist Improves Roadway Safety; Employing Extra Eyes for Road and Street Maintenance; How to Become a Local Safe Road Community; Can Everyone Read the Signs in Your Municipality?;Getting Ready for the Next Oil Boom;Pocket Guide Updated and Loaded with Practical Information;

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania local roads. Articles include: LTAP Training Helps Workers Respond to Trench Collapse in Lancaster; Pavement Preservation: ‘Maintenance First’ to Ensure Safer, Smoother Roads; Retroreflectivity: Can Everyone Read the Signs in Your Municipality?; Publication #535 Helps to Manage Local PennDOT Projects; Driving Surface Aggregates: Where Technology and Dirt Roads Meet.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania local roads. Articles include: Vegetation Management Doesn’t End in Winter Weather; New Worker Visibility Regulations to Take Effect November 2008; Receive More Competitive Bids by Inserting Escalator Clauses in Municipal Paving Contracts; Buy and Sell Surplus Equipment Through Online Municipal Auctions.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania local roads. Articles include: Roads Scholar Traninig Provides Up-to-Date Roadway Information; LTAP Advisory Committee: Conversations with 3 Outgoing Members; Linking Transportation to Land Use: Toolkit Available; Spotlight: Fairview Township, York County

A quarterly review of new and information about Pennsylvania local roads. Articles include: Lycoming County Saves Money, Improves Road Safety by Converting Traffic Signals to LED; LTAP Announces Three New Pavement Management Courses; A Conversation with a Member of the New Products Evaluation Committee.

A quarterly review of news and information about Pennsylvania Local Roads. Articles include: Airports: A Transportation Asset for All Municipalities; LTAP Advisory Committee: Conversations with the Outgoing and Incoming Chairmen; Spotlight: Chadds Ford Township, Chester County

A quarterly review of of news and information about Pennsylvania local roads. Articles include: Winter Maintenance Preparation; Road Crews Get a Lesson in Applying Superpave; 2006-07 Sodium Chloride Contract with COSTARS; LTAP Advisory Committee Member Rotations

8 PAGES - HOW TO SELL A ROAD IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM TO THE VOTERS - TOWNSPEOPLE WILL SUPPORT A SPECIAL PROJECT SUCH AS A ROAD IMPROVEMENT PLAN IF THEY KNOW THE FACTS AND IF THE FACTS ARE PRESENTED PERSUASIVELY. THE SPOKESPEOPLE HAVE TOKNOW THE SUBJECT, KNOW THE AUDINCE, AND A VARIETY OF COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES.

Open data is the practice of publishing data for free, public use.

PennDOT offers a wide variety of assistance to their municipal partners. These resources include Municipal Services Representatives, PennDOT County Maintenance Offices, PennDOT District Offices, Liquid Fuels Financial Consultants, and PennDOT news and information.

How PennDOT prioritizes its maintenance plan.

Have you received complaints from residents about loud truck braking in your municipality? Are requests to restrict “Jake Brakes” commonplace? How do you respond reasonably to these requests?

Roadway safety is critical, especially for vulnerable roadway users such as students walking to or from school. One solution to make it safer for students to get to and from school is the creation of school speed zones. Established in locations where students walk along or across roadways during school hours, a school speed zone provides lower posted speed limits to reduce the chances of traffic crashes with students.

It is important to understand how and where a roundabout can be a successful method of intersection control for your community

Use of drones at the municipal public works level.

Info on infiltration and filtration in stormwater management facilities to improve quality and decrease net volume of stormwater runoff.

Low Ground Pressure (LGP) techniques are a set of construction and maintenance standard procedures and equipment requirements that minimize ground compaction. Minimizing compaction is a critical component to protecting SCMs with infiltration or filtration components.

Preparing for winter is a year-round process and incorporating winter preparedness into your operational plans by the season helps achieve an effective and efficient winter operation.

What is the National Roadway Safety Strategy and the Safe System Approach?

STORMWATER FACILITY INVENTORY AND MAINTENANCE TRACKING METHODS

General guidance for performing a damage assessment for debris management, damaged roads, and bridges. This information collected will help determine whether cleanup efforts and repairs are eligible for funding and what percentage of the repairs may be eligible for reimbursement or requested funds.

Maintenance approaches and what to look for when inspecting sidewalks.

This tech sheet, which provides information about common pavement distress types, will help municipalities evaluate the condition of their roads and determine what maintenance or repair strategies may be appropriate based on the defects observed.

Invasive Plants

Many communities have important decisions to make about which pavement markings to install, which to maintain, and which ones should be handled by contractors. This tech sheet discusses the different aspects of a municipal pavement marking program in Pennsylvania.

Practices and procedure of crossing guards.

Accident Reports & Post Accident Drug and Alcohol Testing

Installation of Breakaway Sign Posts

Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Qualification Files

Work Zone Traffic Control for Mowing Operations

Multiway stop control information.

Sidewalk Repair and the Americans with Disabilities Act

Guidance on Stop Sign Placement

Update of PennDOT Pub 213

Qualified Products List for Winter Road Maintenance

Worker Safety Apparel Needs

Purpose, types, and installation of sediment barriers.

Public Works Preparing for Disasters

Proper Inspections of Signal Poles

Talks about Edge-Line Pavement Markings Two lane and Two Way Local Roads

Explanation of the importance of using the proper mastic for road repairs.

Information on Traffic Barriers

Useful Information on the COVID-19 Pandemic

Frequently Asked Questions on How to Post a Road.

Build a Better Mousetrap Contest, Information on how to apply.

An overview of Publication 221. Posting and Bonding Procedures for Municipal Highways.

Act 31 of 2018 incorporated some important changes affecting how large vehicles regulated under the federal Surface Transportation Assistance Act (STAA) can access which roads in Pennsylvania.

Uniformity in crosswalk markings allows pedestrians and motorists alike to recognize, react, and comply with the messages communicated by traffic-control devices installed along public roads. When a pedestrian crossing is legally established using pavement markings, those markings must conform to statutory and regulatory requirements as outlined in the Vehicle Code (Title 75) and PennDOT’s Publication 212, Official Traffic-Control Devices.

A pedestrian crossing occurs where sidewalks or designated walkways cross a road. Crossings at the intersection of two roads can be marked or unmarked.

Crash analyses are essential for assessing the safety of local roads in Pennsylvania.

Preventing and patching potholes

State regulations, as well as the costs of installing and maintaining traffic control devices, demand that municipalities pay careful attention to their responsibilities for installing and maintaining these devices, which are critical for keeping motorists and pedestrians safe.

Applying a bituminous tack coat is an integral part of the asphalt paving process.

Dust from unpaved roads can be troublesome for motorists and burdensome in terms of maintenance headaches and costs to your municipality.

A good grader operator takes care of his or her machinery to ensure personal safety and maximize the service life of the machine

Gravel road maintenance.

Selecting and maintaining proper sign post and making sure they meet standards is just as important as maintaining the retroreflectivity of a sign face itself.

Under a federal mandate administered in Pennsylvania by the state Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), certain municipalities are required to obtain an NPDES permit for their stormwater discharge and develop a stormwater management program to keep pollutants out of stormwater.

How to properly post signs.

Minimum Control Measure #6 - Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping

The School Bus Stop Ahead sign (S3-1) is a warning sign used to alert motorists of an upcoming school bus stop that may be unexpected or obscured by roadway geometry, such as a curve or hill.

Bridges provide essential links in an efficient system, whether on national or a local scale.

This means existing signs may remain in use for their normal service life but should be replaced with a sign using Highway Gothic, when appropriate, as part of routine maintenance.

This tech sheet , the second in a three part series on locally owned bridges, will review inspection and assessment of bridges

This is part 3 of the Locally Owned Bridge Tech Sheets

For properly maintained roads, streets, and highways, hot liquid asphalt material must be applied at one point or another. Although methods will vary, the procedures for applying asphalt have one thing in common: the asphalt products must be heated to a prescribed temperature to perform well. Because transferring, heating, and applying these products can be dangerous, caution and awareness of safety must be kept foremost in an applicator’s mind.

How do you make the equipment you own last longer? Perform regular, routine maintenance on it. Preventive maintenance lessens the chance of equipment failures, increases the life expectancy of the equipment, and maximizes your return on investment.

Mechanized mowing is an effective and efficient way to improve sight distance at intersections and curves. It is one of several approved methods for controlling the height of roadside vegetation and preventing the growth and spread of prohibited weeds and other undesirable plant growth.

Correct procedures for using Liquid Fuels Funds

Proper placement of a warning sign is necessary to allow for a drivers perception-response time.

Abrasives have several advantages and disadvantages when used for treating urbanized city or subdivison streets or rural gravel roads.

This technical information sheet will discuss pavement interlayers,a PennDOT - approved product that can be included within a paving project to improve the life-cycle performance of roads and ensure a smoother ride for motorists.

Safe Running-Speed Data Collection

Plans, Specifications and Preparations

Among a municipality`s infrastructure assets is a wide range of pipe culverts for stormwater, subsurface drainage, etc. Although these facilities are basically out of sight and out of mind, eventually, they must be maintained, repaired or replaced.

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) requires states and local governments to maintain minimum levels of sign retroreflectivity for regulatory and warning signs. To insure this is occuring, the FHWA required that states and local governments have a maintenance plan in place by June 14, 2014.

Public sector employers, such as townships, boroughs, and cities, must comply with the employee access to chemical information and training provisions applicable to their workplace environment.

Proper procedures for traffic sign placement.

Curb marking provides valuable quick visual information to roadway users. It is used to indicate parking regulations or to delineate the curb. This technical sheet will provide guidance on the proper installation of curb markings.

Concrete is a widely used construction material in bridge systems throughout the United States. Typically, concrete bridge systems are designed using reinforced, prestressed concrete, or post-tensioned concrete components. A common form of concrete bridge construction is adjacent noncomposite prestressed concrete box beam bridges.

A roadway rehabilitation technique using green technology.

Signs, an integral component of a safe, efficient, and reliable roadway system, provide critical safety and regulatory information to roadway users. Bridges on the roadway system require specific signing to give roadway users important safety information.

Municipalities are often confronted with confusing situations related to the application of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). When it does apply, how it applies, and how it affects transportation projects, the municipality, and property owners can be judged differently depending upon the details of the situation.

Debris management is imperative to maintain proper operation of culverts and bridges during storm events. Improper management increases the likelihood of blockage of the opening, which can lead to flooding of adjacent areas, undermining of the bridge foundation, increased hydraulic loading on the bridge, and potential damage to the structure from debris impact.

Specific criteria for requiring center lines and determining when center lines are recommended and when they are optional

The quality of concrete placed in the field must be properly assessed to ensure both the performance and longevity of the structure being built. So that proper quality is achieved, concrete should be sampled at the construction site using standard testing methods as didcribed in this technical information sheet.

The Hazards of Open-Cut Trenches: Open-cut trench construction results in a weakened soil zone around the trench due to a loss of lateral support during construction. This weakened zone is called teh ``zone of influence`` which may result in toppling, cave-ins, and/or sliding.

Tips for Chainsaw Use and Tree Cutting

How to Develop a Tree Care Management Plan

Calculating The Volume For Ordering Concrete

The ten commandments of good roads. Revised spring 2009

Pre-wetting is the adding of a liquid chemical to the winter materials prior to applying them to the roadway. This technique is predominately used when applying straight salt for winter operations but has also been used to enhance anti-skid – salt mixture with similar results. Not only does this method improve roadway conditions, it has also been proven to decrease costs through a reduction in material use.